State & Prove the Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum
In this lesson we state and prove the principle of conservation of linear momentum, a fundamental law in mechanics that explains how linear momentum remains constant in an isolated system.
Statement of the Principle
The principle of conservation of linear momentum states that the total linear momentum of a system of particles remains constant if no external forces act on it.
Proof of the Principle
Consider two particles of masses m1 and m2 moving with velocities u1 and u2.
When they interact, internal forces act between them but no external force acts on the system.
According to Newton’s second law:
Force on m1, F12 = m1a1
Force on m2, F21 = m2a2
According to Newton’s third law:
F12 = −F21
⇒ m1a1 = −m2a2
Integrating with respect to time gives:
m1v1 + m2v2 = constant
This means the total linear momentum before interaction = total linear momentum after interaction.
This principle applies to isolated systems where no external forces (like friction or air resistance) act.
State & Prove the Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum
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conservation of momentum, linear momentum, isolated system, Newton’s third law, physics theory, mechanics, Class 11, Class 12, NEB, SEE, CTEVT, physics notes, exam question, aklearningnepal, education,State & Prove the Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum
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State & Prove the Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum