Escape Velocity Definition, Formula and Derivation
The escape velocity in physics is the minimum speed required for an object to break free from the gravitational pull of a planet or celestial body without further propulsion.
What Is Escape Velocity?
Escape velocity is the minimum speed an object must have to escape the gravitational field of a planet (like Earth) without additional propulsion after launch.
Derivation of the Formula
Consider an object of mass m at the surface of a planet of mass M and radius R.
To escape gravity, the kinetic energy must equal the gravitational potential energy:
Initial Kinetic Energy = Final Gravitational Potential Energy
½ mv² = GMm / R
(where G is the gravitational constant)
Cancel m from both sides:
v² = 2GM / R
∴ v = √(2GM / R), which is the escape velocity.
Escape velocity does not depend on the mass of the object being launched — only on the mass and radius of the planet.
Escape Velocity Definition, Formula and Derivation
Keywords
escape velocity in physics, definition of escape velocity, formula for escape velocity, √(2GM/R), gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy, Class 11 physics, Class 12 physics, NEB physics, SEE physics, CTEVT physics, gravitational field, physics derivation, exam notes
Tags
escape velocity, gravitational physics, mechanics, planetary motion, Class 11, Class 12, physics notes, exam question, derivation, gravitational potential, aklearningnepal, education,Escape Velocity Definition, Formula and Derivation
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Escape Velocity Definition, Formula and Derivation