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  Thursday 16 October 2025 / 01:43 PM

Angle of Repose in Physics Concept and Proof

Understand the angle of repose in physics — a key concept in mechanics that describes the steepest angle at which a body on an incline remains at rest without sliding.

angle of repose in physics

What Is the Angle of Repose?

The angle of repose is the maximum angle between the surface of a slope and the horizontal at which a body placed on the slope just begins to slide. At this angle, the component of gravitational force down the plane equals the maximum static frictional force.

Concept and Forces

When a body rests on an inclined plane with angle θ, the forces acting on it are:

  • Weight (mg) acting vertically downward
  • Normal reaction (R) perpendicular to the plane
  • Frictional force (f) opposing motion

Proof / Derivation

For a body at the verge of sliding, frictional force f = maximum static friction = μR.

The component of weight parallel to the plane = mg sinθ

The normal reaction = mg cosθ

At the angle of repose (θ = θr):

μR = mg sinθr

μ mg cosθr = mg sinθr

tan θr = μ

θr = tan⁻¹(μ)

Note:

The angle of repose depends on the nature of the surfaces in contact — rougher surfaces result in a larger angle.

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Angle of Repose in Physics Concept and Proof

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angle of repose, friction, inclined plane, physics theory, Class 11, Class 12, NEB, SEE, CTEVT, mechanics, static friction, exam question, physics notes, aklearningnepal, education,Angle of Repose in Physics Concept and Proof


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Angle of Repose in Physics Concept and Proof

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